CULTURAL CONDITIONS

Plant Min Zone: 4a

Plant Max Zone: 9a

Sunlight: All Day Full Sun, Full Sun

Water / Rainfall: Low, Average

Soil Quality: Poor, Average

FLOWERS AND FOLIAGE

Bloom Season: Summer, Late Summer, Fall

Flower Color: Yellow, Brown-Beige

Berry / Fruit Color: Black

Spring Foliage Color: Light Green

Summer Foliage Color: Light Green

Fall Foliage Color: Light Green

Evergreen Foliage: No

Winter Interest: Some

Scented Flowers: No

PLANT TOLERANCES

Drought Tolerance: High

Wet-Feet Tolerance: Low

Humidity Tolerance: Medium

Wind Tolerance: High

Poor Soil Tolerance: Rocky Soils, Sandy Soils, Shallow Soils, Alkaline Soils (high PH)

GROWTH AND MAINTENANCE

Height: 2' - 4'

Width: 1' - 1.5'

Growth Rate: Medium

Service Life: Medium: 3-5 years

Maintenance Need: Low

Spreading Potential: Low

Yearly Trimming Tips: Trim Perennial to Ground in Early Winter After Hard Freezes: Some Winter Interest.

PLANT USES AND LIMITATIONS

Plant Grouping Size: Small Grouping of 3-5, Medium Grouping of 5-10, Mass Planting of 10 or more

Best Side of House: South Exposure, West Exposure

Extreme Planting Locations: Survives Under Roof Overhang, Survives Severe Drought, Tolerates Extreme Heat, Resistant to Rabbits, Top of Retaining Wall Locations

Ornamental Features: Long Blooming Season, Multiple Seasons of Interest, Fine Texture

Special Landscape Uses: Naturalizing

Possible Pest Problems: Root Rot Disease

Plant Limitations: Unwanted Self-seeding, Sometimes Mistaken as Weed, Needs Excellent Drainage