CULTURAL CONDITIONS

Plant Min Zone: 4a

Plant Max Zone: 7b

Sunlight: Part Sun, Shade, Deep Shade

Water / Rainfall: Low, Average

Soil Quality: Poor, Average, Rich

FLOWERS AND FOLIAGE

Bloom Season: Insignificant

Flower Color: Insignificant

Berry / Fruit Color: Red

Spring Foliage Color: Dark Green

Summer Foliage Color: Dark Green

Fall Foliage Color: Dark Green

Evergreen Foliage: Yes

Winter Interest: Yes

Scented Flowers: No

PLANT TOLERANCES

Drought Tolerance: Medium, High

Wet-Feet Tolerance: Low

Humidity Tolerance: Medium

Wind Tolerance: Medium

Poor Soil Tolerance: Clay Soils, Rocky Soils, Sandy Soils, Alkaline Soils (high PH)

GROWTH AND MAINTENANCE

Height: 6' - 10'

Width: 4' - 6'

Growth Rate: Slow

Service Life: Extremely long: over 20 years

Maintenance Need: Low

Spreading Potential: Medium

Yearly Trimming Tips: Trim Evergreen Shrub Yearly in Spring or Summer to Desired Size: Not Grown for Flowers or Fruit.

PLANT USES AND LIMITATIONS

Plant Grouping Size: Specimen Planting of 1-3, Small Grouping of 3-5, Medium Grouping of 5-10

Best Side of House: East Exposure, North Exposure

Extreme Planting Locations: Root-Bound Soils Under Tree

Ornamental Features: Fine Texture

Special Landscape Uses: Noise / Wind Screening, Naturalizing, Hedge Row

Possible Pest Problems: Root Rot Disease, Deer

Plant Limitations: Slow to Reach Mature Size, May be Poisonous, Overused in the Landscape, Susceptible to Juglone / Black Walnut